冷却塔的核心原理是以水为循环冷却剂，通过蒸发散热+接触换热，将系统携带的废热排放到大气中，实现水温降低并循环复用，是工业、建筑制冷领域的核心换热设备。
- 核心换热逻辑
90%以上的热量依靠蒸发带走：当高焓值的热水与低焓值的空气接触时，因水蒸气存在分压差，部分水分子会蒸发为气态，带走大量汽化潜热，大幅降低剩余水体Temperature；剩余小部分热量通过水和空气的温差完成直接传导换热。 - 完整工作流程
干燥的冷空气经Fan抽动从进风网进入塔内，热水通过布水系统均匀喷洒在填料上，形成水膜或细小水滴，大幅延长水与空气的接触时间、增大换热面积。完成换热后的湿热空气被Fan从塔顶排出，降温后的水落入底部集水池，重新泵回待冷却系统循环使用。 - 不同类型的差异化原理
- 开式冷却塔：水与空气直接接触换热，换热效率高、成本低，适合对水质要求不高的常规场景。
- Closed-Circuit Cooling Tower：被冷却介质在密闭盘管内流动，通过管外喷淋水蒸发+风冷完成换热，介质不与空气接触，水质洁净不易结垢，适配精密制造、冶金等高要求工况。
Written by: Zhongliang Yiji Technical Department · 15 Years of Cooling Tower Selection Experience | Last Updated：2026-10-16
FAQ
How to choose between a closed-circuit and an open cooling tower?
For working conditions that demand clean water (such as vacuum furnaces, high-frequency furnaces, and injection machine hydraulic oil cooling), a closed-circuit tower is preferred: the cooled medium circulates inside the coil without direct contact with air, so it resists scaling, algae and particle contamination, with stable heat transfer and low maintenance. For ordinary recirculating water scenarios with tight water budgets or cost sensitivity, an open tower costs less upfront but requires supporting water treatment.
What are the footprint and connections of a 100 t closed-circuit cooling tower?
Taking a standard 100 m3/h closed-circuit tower as an example: overall dimensions are approximately 3500 x 1500 x 2800 mm with a footprint of about 5.25 m2; inlet and outlet piping is typically DN100, with a 5-10 C temperature drop under standard conditions. Refer to the product specification table for details; non-standard dimensions can be customised on site.
How do I size the pump and head for a cooling tower?
Pump flow is selected according to the rated circulating water volume of the cooling tower; head must account for pipeline friction losses, local resistance, equipment elevation difference and the necessary margin. Pressure-bearing equipment such as injection machines also requires reserve for the working pressure. It is recommended to hand the operating data (flow, temperature difference, installation height, pipe diameter and length) to technical staff for calculation, to avoid an undersized pump or excessive head that wastes energy.
What water treatment does a closed-circuit cooling tower need?
The outer circulating water of a closed-circuit tower still contacts air, so softened make-up water, periodic corrosion and scale inhibitor dosing, and control of the concentration ratio are recommended. The inner circulating medium should be softened water, antifreeze or pure water according to process requirements; outdoor installation in winter requires freeze protection (electric tracing or draining).
