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Maintenance and Servicing Precautions for Central Air-Conditioning Cooling Towers

Category: Industry News Published:2026-07-01

中央空调冷却塔是整个制冷系统的核心散热环节,长期暴露在户外复杂环境中,极易出现部件老化、换热效率衰减等问题。据行业统计,缺乏规范维保的冷却塔,三年内性能衰减可超40%,直接导致中央空调能耗上涨30%以上,严重时还会引发系统连锁故障,影响医院、商超这类高依赖场景的正常运行。做好冷却塔的维修与日常维保,是保障系统稳定、降低运营成本的关键举措。

日常维保首先要聚焦核心部件的定期巡检。Fan是冷却塔的动力核心,每两周需检查一次传动皮带的松紧度,多根皮带松紧不均时必须全套更换,长期停运前要将皮带卸下妥善保存。采用齿轮减速装置的机型,每月要检查齿轮箱油位,运行满6个月检测油质,累计运行5000小时后必须彻底清洗齿轮箱并更换润滑油。同时要定期校正Fan叶片角度,保证所有叶片倾角一致,避免出现刮擦风筒、异常震动等问题,一旦发现叶片断裂,必须整套更换全部叶片,禁止只替换损坏的单叶。

水质与换热部件维护是维保的核心环节。冷却塔循环水需每季度检测一次水质指标,及时投放抗菌剂、杀藻剂,避免菌藻滋生堵塞换热通道。每半年要对填料进行深度检查,结垢、淤泥堆积的填料可采用高压水枪配合专用除垢剂清洗,出现老化塌陷的填料必须直接更换,否则会直接导致换热效率暴跌。收水器破损要第一时间修补,大面积破损时及时更换,避免飘水率飙升,既减少水资源浪费,也防范军团菌随水雾扩散的健康风险。布水管、喷头要每月排查,出现堵塞、腐蚀穿孔的部件及时更换,避免布水不均导致局部换热失效。

故障维修需遵循标准化操作规范。遇到水温异常升高故障时,先排查塔内循环水量是否在额定范围,再检查进风口是否堵塞、Fan Air Volume是否达标,排除热气二次循环的问题。出现异常Noise时,优先add传动轴承的润滑油,校正Fan叶片位置,磨损严重的轴承立即更换,避免故障扩大。针对集水盘溢水问题,及时清理出水口杂物,检查浮球阀灵敏度,水位偏低时先排查管道漏水点,再按循环水量1%的标准add水量,保证系统水位稳定。

换季停机时要做好全面防护,排空塔内所有存水,避免冬季低温冻裂盘管,对塔体、金属支架做防腐防锈处理。建立完整的维保台账,记录每次巡检、维修的时间与部件状态,通过预防性维保将冷却塔的使用寿命延长30%以上,长期稳定保障中央空调系统高效运行。

FAQ
How to choose between a closed-circuit and an open cooling tower?
For working conditions that demand clean water (such as vacuum furnaces, high-frequency furnaces, and injection machine hydraulic oil cooling), a closed-circuit tower is preferred: the cooled medium circulates inside the coil without direct contact with air, so it resists scaling, algae and particle contamination, with stable heat transfer and low maintenance. For ordinary recirculating water scenarios with tight water budgets or cost sensitivity, an open tower costs less upfront but requires supporting water treatment.
What are the footprint and connections of a 100 t closed-circuit cooling tower?
Taking a standard 100 m3/h closed-circuit tower as an example: overall dimensions are approximately 3500 x 1500 x 2800 mm with a footprint of about 5.25 m2; inlet and outlet piping is typically DN100, with a 5-10 C temperature drop under standard conditions. Refer to the product specification table for details; non-standard dimensions can be customised on site.
How do I size the pump and head for a cooling tower?
Pump flow is selected according to the rated circulating water volume of the cooling tower; head must account for pipeline friction losses, local resistance, equipment elevation difference and the necessary margin. Pressure-bearing equipment such as injection machines also requires reserve for the working pressure. It is recommended to hand the operating data (flow, temperature difference, installation height, pipe diameter and length) to technical staff for calculation, to avoid an undersized pump or excessive head that wastes energy.
What water treatment does a closed-circuit cooling tower need?
The outer circulating water of a closed-circuit tower still contacts air, so softened make-up water, periodic corrosion and scale inhibitor dosing, and control of the concentration ratio are recommended. The inner circulating medium should be softened water, antifreeze or pure water according to process requirements; outdoor installation in winter requires freeze protection (electric tracing or draining).

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