冷却塔是工业循环系统的核心换热设备，依靠水蒸发吸热原理将生产废热散发至大气，保障空压机、高频炉、挤出机等设备的稳定运行。其核心换热过程中，冷却后的出水Temperature通常比环境Wet-Bulb Temperature高3~5℃，这个差值被行业称为“逼近度”，是衡量设备冷却效率的关键指标。
目前工业场景中应用最广泛的是机械通风冷却塔，按水气接触方式可分为开式与闭式两大品类：开式塔循环水直接与空气接触，换热效率高、初投资低，但需定期做水处理防止结垢；闭式塔的循环水在密闭304不锈钢盘管内流动，水质不受外界污染，节水性能优异，尤其适配医药、精密电子等对洁净度要求高的场景。按水流方向区分，逆流式塔换热效率更高、占地更小，适合场地有限的项目；横流式塔水压要求低、结构稳定，日常维护更便捷，是医药行业冷冻机配套的主流选择。
选型时除了匹配冷却水量、进出水温差等基础参数，还需重点关注两项核心指标：一是Motor能效需满足GB 18613-2020二级能效标准，二是整机耗电比达到GB/T 7190.1-2018的2级能效要求，耗电比≤0.030Kw/(m³/h)，相比普通产品可实现14%以上的节电率。
Written by: Zhongliang Yiji Technical Department · 15 Years of Cooling Tower Selection Experience | Last Updated：2026-10-17
FAQ
How to choose between a closed-circuit and an open cooling tower?
For working conditions that demand clean water (such as vacuum furnaces, high-frequency furnaces, and injection machine hydraulic oil cooling), a closed-circuit tower is preferred: the cooled medium circulates inside the coil without direct contact with air, so it resists scaling, algae and particle contamination, with stable heat transfer and low maintenance. For ordinary recirculating water scenarios with tight water budgets or cost sensitivity, an open tower costs less upfront but requires supporting water treatment.
What are the footprint and connections of a 100 t closed-circuit cooling tower?
Taking a standard 100 m3/h closed-circuit tower as an example: overall dimensions are approximately 3500 x 1500 x 2800 mm with a footprint of about 5.25 m2; inlet and outlet piping is typically DN100, with a 5-10 C temperature drop under standard conditions. Refer to the product specification table for details; non-standard dimensions can be customised on site.
How do I size the pump and head for a cooling tower?
Pump flow is selected according to the rated circulating water volume of the cooling tower; head must account for pipeline friction losses, local resistance, equipment elevation difference and the necessary margin. Pressure-bearing equipment such as injection machines also requires reserve for the working pressure. It is recommended to hand the operating data (flow, temperature difference, installation height, pipe diameter and length) to technical staff for calculation, to avoid an undersized pump or excessive head that wastes energy.
What water treatment does a closed-circuit cooling tower need?
The outer circulating water of a closed-circuit tower still contacts air, so softened make-up water, periodic corrosion and scale inhibitor dosing, and control of the concentration ratio are recommended. The inner circulating medium should be softened water, antifreeze or pure water according to process requirements; outdoor installation in winter requires freeze protection (electric tracing or draining).
